A physiological significance of the functional interaction between Mus81 and Rad27 in homologous recombination repair.

Fen1 and Mus81-Mms4 are endonucleases involved in the processing of various DNA structural intermediates, and they were shown to have genetic and functional interactions with each other. Here, we show the in vivo significance of the interactions between Mus81 and Rad27 (yeast Fen1). The N-terminal 120 amino-acid (aa) region of Mus81, although entirely dispensable for its catalytic activity, was essential for the abilities of Mus81 to bind to and be stimulated by Rad27. In the absence of SGS1, the mus81Δ120N mutation lacking the N-terminal 120 aa region exhibited synthetic lethality, and the lethality was rescued by deletion of RAD52, a key homologous recombination mediator. These findings, together with the fact that Sgs1 constitutes a redundant pathway with Mus81-Mms4, indicate that the N-terminus-mediated interaction of Mus81 with Rad27 is physiologically important in resolving toxic recombination intermediates. Mutagenic analyses of the N-terminal region identified two distinct motifs, named N21-26 (aa from 21-26) and N108-114 (aa from 108-114) important for the in vitro and in vivo functions of Mus81. Our findings indicate that the N-terminal region of Mus81 acts as a landing pad to interact with Rad27 and that Mus81 and Rad27 work conjointly for efficient removal of various aberrant DNA structures.